2021年考研英语一阅读理解A Text 2解析(武汉新东方)

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Last year marked the third year in a row that Indonesia's bleak ratedeforestation has slowed in pace. One reason for the turnaround may be thecountry’s antipoverty program.

In 2007, Indonesia started phasing in a program that gives money to itspoorest residents under certain conditions, such as requiring people to keepkids in school or get regular medical care. Called conditional cash transfers orCCTs, these social assistance programs are designed to reduce inequality andbreak the cycle of poverty. They are already used in dozens of countriesworldwide. In Indonesia, the progra妹妹e has provided enough food and medicine tosubstantially reduce severe growth problems among children.

But the CCT programs don't generally consider effects on the environment.In fact, poverty alleviation and environmental protection are often viewed asconflicting goals, says Paul Ferraro an economist at Johns HopkinsUniversity.

That’s because economic growth can be correlated with environmentaldegradation, while protecting the environment is sometimes correlated withgreater poverty. However, those correlations don't prove cause and effect. Theonly previous study analyzing causality, based on an area in Mexico that hadinstituted CCTs, supported the traditional view. There, as people got moremoney, some of them may have more cleared land for cattle to raise for meat,Ferraro says.

Such programs do not have to negatively affect the environment, though.Ferraro wanted to see if Indonesia's poverty-alleviation program was affectingdeforestation. Indonesia has the third-largest area of tropical forest in theworld and one of the highest deforestation rates.

Ferraro analyzed satellite data showing annual forest loss from 2008 to2012- including during Indonesia’s phase-in of the antipoverty program- in 7,468 forested villages across 15 provinces. “We see that the program isassociated with a 30 percent reduction in deforestation,” Farrow says.

That's likely because the rural poor are using the money as makeshiftinsurance policies against inclement weather, Ferraro says. Typically, if rainsare delayed, people may clear land to plant more rice to supplement theirharvest. With the CCTs, individuals instead can use the money to supplementtheir harvests.

Whether this research translates elsewhere is anybody's guess. Farrowsuggests the results may transfer to other parts of Asia, due to co妹妹onalitiessuch as the importance of growing rice and market access. And regardless oftransferability, the study shows that what's good for people may also be goodfor the environment. Even if this program didn't reduce poverty. Ferraro says,“the value of the avoided deforestation just for carbon dioxide emissions aloneis more than the program costs.”




26. According to the first two paragraph, CCT progra妹妹es aim to

[A] Facilitate health-care reform

[B] help poor families get better off

[C] Improve local education systems

[D] lower deforestation rates

27. The study based on an area in Mexico excited to show that

[A] cattle raising has been a major livelihood for the poor

[B] CCT programs have helped preserve traditional lifestyles

[C] antipoverty efforts require the participation of local farmers

[D] economic growth tends to cause environmental degradation

28. In his study about Indonesia, Farrow intends to find out

[A] its acceptance level of CCTs

[B] its annual rate of poverty alleviation

[C] the relation of CCTs to its forest loss

[D] the role of its forests in climate change

29. According to Ferraro, the CCT program in Indonesia is valuable inthat

[A] it


will benefit other Asian countries

[B] it will reduce regional inequality

[C] it can protect the environment

[D] it can benefit grain production

30. what is the text centred on?

[A] The effects of a program

[B] The debates over a program

[C] The process of a study

[D] The transfer-ability of a study

【准确谜底】26. B 27. D 28. C 29. C 30. A

26题：本题的关头词是CCT progra妹妹es，详细发问为该规划的目标，定位到第二段第三句be designedto，厥后为目标：削减不公允，冲破贫苦轮回。故B“帮忙贫苦家庭获得更好的糊口”准确。A选项和C选项属于无中生有，文章并未说起health carereform(医疗鼎新)和education system(教诲体系)。D选项中的deforestationrates(毁林率)固然和CCT项目有关，但其实不是CCT项目标目标。

27题：本题为例证题，是以谜底应为例子所要证实的概念。起首定位至第四段第三句(例子自己)，概念常常在例子前。前面讲到了经济成长和情况恶化有瓜葛，而庇护情况和贫苦有瓜葛，只是因果瓜葛还没有证实，对应选项D。A中的cattleB中的traditional 都是来自例子自己的滋扰，C 中的local farmer属于无中生有，故解除。

28题：本题的关头词是Indonesia和Farrow，详细发问是Farrow想要找出甚么。按照关头词可定位至第五段第二句话Ferrarowanted to...，本句意为Farrow想要晓得印度尼西亚的扶贫项目是不是会影响到砍伐树林，对应C选项，forestloss为deforestation的同义改写。

29题：本题的关头词是valuable( CCT program in Indonesia屡次呈现，就再也不作为本题的焦点定位词了)，详细发问是inthat由于甚么。定位至最后一段最后一句话，单砍伐丛林的价值就高于这一项目标本钱，对应C选项，庇护情况。A给亚洲国度带来益处、B削减地域性不服等、D有益于食粮出产，均与原文表达不符合，故解除。

30题：回文串线各段的中间内容(首句)，每段都在环抱effect开展，包含对人们的影响，对砍伐丛林的影响，对情况庇护的影响等等，对应A选项。出格注重，选项如有复数名词呈现(effects)，原文必需也是复数(各类影响)。